Offshore wind power

Optimal sites for offshore wind farms are identified based on factors such as wind conditions, seabed data, water depth, and proximity to ports and grid connections. Detailed geographic, oceanographic and wind resource data are collected to ensure the technical and economic viability of the sites.

In the Nordics, we have strong and well-functioning environmental legislation. Through comprehensive environmental impact assessments (EIA) we evaluate potential effects on marine biodiversity, bird migration and water quality. Engagement with local communities, environmental organisations and regulatory authorities ensures compliance with environmental legislation and incorporates stakeholder feedback into project planning. To meet all regulations, we also secure water and construction permits, plus defense approvals.

Preliminary design choices, like selecting possible turbine layouts and outlining basic grid infrastructure, are made alongside the environmental impact assessment (EIA). This sets the stage for more detailed studies and planning. Discussions for grid connection agreements are also initiated at an early stage, to ensure the project’s viability.

After the thorough permitting process, technical layouts are refined and we select specific turbine and foundation types. Accurate wind measurements, risk assessments, and energy yield analyses are conducted. Key high-voltage components such as offshore substations and transformers are designed and fabricated to ensure efficient collection and transmission of the power generated by the wind turbines.

After detailed engineering and procurement of materials and services, construction of foundations, turbines and substations follows.

Financing for offshore wind projects is massive and involves investment from various sources, including equity investors and banks. Securing long-term power purchase agreements is also critical.

Turbine components, foundations and other equipment are transported to the site by specialised vessels. The extremely precise installation process ensures proper assembly and stability of the turbines and their infrastructure.

The entire facility also undergoes rigorous testing, final checks, and validations before the wind farm enters commercial operation.

The wind farm officially begins commercial operation. Ongoing maintenance and support services ensure optimal performance and longevity of the turbines, and the expected lifetime of offshore turbines is currently 25+ years. The O&M phase provides opportunities for local entrepreneurs and industries to provide maintenance services, contributing to the local economy.

As the wind farm approaches the end of its operational life, plans are made for decommissioning or repowering. Repowering involves replacing old turbines with newer, more efficient models to maintain energy production. Decommissioning involves managing materials and restoring the site or preserving beneficial seabed structures to enhance biodiversity.

Financial security for future decommissioning is crucial. Drawing from over a decade of experience in onshore wind power, Ilmatar diligently incorporates these costs into our financial planning.