In a Virtual PPA, the seller will include the balancing costs in the offered price.
In a Physical PPA, the buyer is responsible for the balancing costs associated with the production under the PPA. Balancing is managed by a designated Balance Responsible Party (BRP), typically Ilmatar or a sleeving partner. Ilmatar can act as the Balance Responsible Party for all PPAs it offers, regardless of technology, providing a simple, fully integrated solution across wind, solar, and storage.